Types of Python Operators

  1. Arithmetic Operators (+, -, /, , %, //, **)
  2. Assignment Operators (=, +=, -=, /=, =, %=, //=, **=)
  3. Comparison Operators (==, >, <. >=, <=, !=)
  4. Logical Operators  (and, or, not)
  5. Membership Operators (in, not in)
  6. Identity Operators (is, is not)
  7. Bitwise Operators  (|, &, ^, ~, <<, >>)

Arithmetic Operators

Used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, modulo, exponent etc..

Operator Operation Example
+ Addition 10 + 2 = 12
- Subtraction 10 - 2 = 8
/ Division 10 / 2 = 5.0
* Multiplication 10 * 2 = 20
% Modulo (Returns Remainder) 10 % 2 = 0
// Floor Division 10 // 2 = 5
** Power (a to the power b) 10 ** 2 = 100

Example of Arithmetic Operators

Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variable.

Operator Operation Example
= Assignment x = 10
+= Addition Assignment x += 10 (x = x + 10)
-= Subtraction Assignment x -= 10 (x = x - 10)
/= Division Assignment x /= 10 (x = x / 10)
*= Multiplication Assignment x *= 10 (x = x * 10)
%= Modulo Assignment x %= 10 (x = x % 10)
//= Floor Division Assignment x //= 10 (x = x // 10)
**= Exponent Assignment x **= 10 (x = x ** 10)

Comparison Operator

Used to compare values of two or more variables and returns true or false.

Operator Operation Example
== Is Equal To 10 == 10 gives True
!= Not Equals To 10 != 10 gives False
> Greater Than 7 > 10 gives False
< Less Than 7 < 10 gives True
>= Greater Than or Equal To 10 >= 10 gives True
<= Less Than or Equal To 12 <= 10 gives False

Logical Operators

Used to check whether an expression/condition is True or False. Generally used in decision making.

Operator Operation Example
and Logical AND
True only if both operands are True		 a and b
or Logical OR
True if one of the operands is True		 a or b
not Logical NOT
True if operand if False and vice-versa		 not a

Membership Operators

Used to test whether a value or a variables is present in a list, tuple, dictionary, set or string.

Operator Operation Example
in True if value found in the sequence "H" in "Hello" gives True
not in True if value not found in the sequence "H" not in "Hello" gives False

Identity Operators

Used to test whether two objects are identical. It simply checks whether two objects referes to same object in memory.

Operator Operation Example
is True if operands are identical
(refers to the same object)		 10 is 10
is not True if operands are not identical 10 is not 10

== vs is

Generally asked in a lot of interviews that what exactly is difference between == and is.

== is the comparison operator used to check value of the variables that if both variables contains same value.

is opertor is used to check whether both variables refers to the same address in the memory

Bitwise Operators

Used to perform operations on binary digits. They convert the number into binary digit and perform binary operation based on whatever operator we are using.

Operator Operation Example
& Bitwise AND x & y
| Bitwise OR x | y
~ Bitwise NOT ~x
^ Bitwise XOR x ^ y
>> Bitwise Right Shift x >> 2
<< Bitwise Left Shift x << 2

Bitwise OR - returns 1 if at least one of the operand is 1

a       b       a | b
0       0         0
0       1         1
1       0         1
1       1         1

Bitwise AND - returns 1 if both the operands are 1

a       b       a | b
0       0         0
0       1         0
1       0         0
1       1         1

Bitwise XOR - returns 1 if and only if one of the operand is 1

a       b       a | b
0       0         0
0       1         1
1       0         1
1       1         0

Bitwise Complement - convert the binary digit from 0 to 1 and vice versa

1s Complement : changes 0 to 1 and 1 to 0

2s Complement : first find 1s Complement then add 1

Left Shift Operator - shifts the bits to the left by specified number of bits
if x << y => x * (2 ** y)

Right Shift Operator - shifts the bits to the right by specified number of bits
if x >> y => x / (2 ** y)

That's all for the Python Operators..